History knowledge 1

History knowledge

Certainly! "History Knowledge 1" often refers to foundational topics in history that provide a broad understanding of historical events, figures, and periods. Here’s an overview of some key historical concepts and topics:

### **1. Ancient Civilizations**

   - **Mesopotamia**: Often regarded as the cradle of civilization, located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. Known for early writing (cuneiform), law codes (Code of Hammurabi), and monumental architecture.

   - **Egypt**: Famous for its pyramids, pharaohs, and contributions to writing (hieroglyphics) and science.

   - **Indus Valley Civilization**: Known for its advanced urban planning and script, located in present-day Pakistan and northwest India.

   - **China**: Ancient dynasties such as the Shang and Zhou contributed to early Chinese civilization with advancements in writing, technology, and philosophy.

### **2. Classical Civilizations**

   - **Greece**: Known for its city-states (Athens and Sparta), contributions to democracy, philosophy (Socrates, Plato, Aristotle), and art.

   - **Rome**: The Roman Republic and later the Roman Empire are noted for their contributions to law, engineering, and governance.

### **3. Medieval Period**

   - **Feudalism**: A social system prevalent in medieval Europe where land was exchanged for military service.

   - **Crusades**: Religious wars between Christians and Muslims over control of the Holy Land.

   - **Byzantine Empire**: Eastern Roman Empire known for its capital Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul) and contributions to art and Orthodox Christianity.

### **4. Renaissance and Reformation**

   - **Renaissance**: A cultural revival in Europe from the 14th to the 17th century, marked by advancements in art, science, and literature. Key figures include Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo.

   - **Reformation**: A religious movement in the 16th century initiated by Martin Luther, leading to the creation of Protestant churches and significant changes in the Catholic Church.

### **5. Modern History**

   - **Industrial Revolution**: A period of major industrialization in the 18th and 19th centuries that transformed economies and societies.

   - **World Wars**: 

     - **World War I (1914-1918)**: A global conflict triggered by the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, involving major powers and resulting in significant geopolitical changes.

     - **World War II (1939-1945)**: A global war involving most of the world's nations, marked by the Holocaust and significant changes in global power structures.

### **6. Post-Colonial Era**

   - **Decolonization**: The process by which colonies gained independence from European powers in the mid-20th century.

   - **Cold War**: A period of geopolitical tension between the Soviet Union and the United States, influencing global politics from the end of World War II to the early 1990s.

### **Key Historical Skills**

   - **Critical Thinking**: Analyzing historical events and sources critically to understand their significance and context.

   - **Research**: Using primary and secondary sources to gather information and construct historical narratives.

   - **Historical Interpretation**: Understanding different perspectives and interpretations of historical events.

These foundational topics provide a broad understanding of historical developments and are crucial for any study of history.

Aatmnirbhar yojna(Aatmnirbhar Gujarat Sahay Yojana)2020

Short and sweet details open
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PDF file download click here
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The **Aatmnirbhar Gujarat Sahay Yojana** (AGSY) was introduced in 2020 as part of the broader "Aatmnirbhar Bharat" initiative to support small businesses and entrepreneurs in Gujarat, particularly in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. Here’s a summary of the scheme:

### **Objective**

- **Economic Support**: To provide financial assistance and support to small businesses, startups, and entrepreneurs in Gujarat who were affected by the pandemic.

### **Key Features**

1. **Financial Assistance**:

   - **Subsidies**: Provision of interest subsidies and financial support for business expansion and recovery.

   - **Loans**: Easy access to loans with subsidized interest rates for businesses to cover operational costs and restart activities.

2. **Eligibility Criteria**:

   - **Business Type**: Small businesses, startups, and entrepreneurs operating in Gujarat.

   - **Pandemic Impact**: Businesses that have been adversely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.

   - **Documentation**: Necessary documentation to prove the impact of the pandemic and the financial status of the business.

3. **Application Process**:

   - **Online Application**: Applications can be submitted online through the official government portal or designated application platforms.

   - **Documentation**: Required documents include proof of business operation, financial statements, and evidence of pandemic impact.

4. **Support Services**:

   - **Advisory Services**: Guidance and support in managing finances and business operations.

   - **Training Programs**: Access to training programs and workshops for business management and recovery strategies.

### **How to Apply**

1. **Visit the Official Portal**: Check the [Gujarat Government's official portal](https://www.gujarat.gov.in) or relevant government departments for application forms and guidelines.

2. **Submit Application**: Follow the instructions for submitting your application online or through designated offices.

3. **Contact Support**: Reach out to the local district industry center or the relevant government office for assistance.

For the most accurate and detailed information, including any updates or changes to the scheme, refer to the official Gujarat government notifications or contact the relevant government departments directly.

Hngu exam update

HNGU PATAN
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EXAM NEWS

For updates on examinations at Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University (HNGU), follow these methods:

### **1. Official HNGU Website:**

   - **Visit the [HNGU Official Website](https://www.hngu.net).**

   - Navigate to sections like "Examinations," "Notices," or "Latest Updates" for the most current information on exam schedules, results, and notifications.

### **2. Examination Cell:**

   - **Contact the Examination Cell**: Reach out to the examination office via email or phone for detailed and specific queries about upcoming exams, schedules, or results.

### **3. Student Portal:**

   - **Log into the Student Portal**: If available, the university’s student portal often provides personalized updates regarding exams, results, and academic schedules.

### **4. University Notices:**

   - **Check Notices and Announcements**: Keep an eye on university notices posted on the website or physical notice boards at your college.

### **5. Social Media and Local News:**

   - **University Social Media**: Follow HNGU’s official social media channels for real-time updates and announcements.

   - **Local News**: Sometimes, local newspapers or news websites report on important academic updates and exam schedules.

### **6. Contact Your College:**

   - **Speak with College Administration**: Your college's administrative office or examination department might have specific details or updates about upcoming exams and schedules.

For the most reliable information, directly refer to HNGU’s official communications and resources.

Official notice click here

B.A.sem 6 hngu External paper

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1-2014- English download click here
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2-2012- English download click here
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3-2012- English  download click here

For the B.A. Semester 6 external papers at Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University (HNGU), you would typically need to follow these steps to find relevant information and access the papers:

### **1. **Official HNGU Website**:

   - **Visit the HNGU Official Website**: Go to [HNGU's official website](https://www.hngu.net).

   - **Examination Section**: Look for the "Examinations" or "Students" section on the website.

   - **External Papers**: Check if there is a dedicated link for external papers or examination materials.

### **2. **University Examination Cell**:

   - **Contact Examination Cell**: Reach out to the university’s examination cell for specific details on how to access external papers. They can provide information on how to obtain past papers or any recent updates.

### **3. **Library Resources**:

   - **University Library**: Check the university library for archived papers or resources that may include previous external papers.

### **4. **Educational Forums and Groups**:

   - **Online Forums**: Join student forums or social media groups related to HNGU. Students often share resources and information about external papers in these groups.

### **5. **College or Department**:

   - **Consult Your Department**: Contact your college or department for assistance. They may have copies of previous external papers or information on where to find them.

### **6. **Local Bookstores**:

   - **Reference Books**: Sometimes, local bookstores or publishers provide collections of previous years’ exam papers or guides.

For the most accurate and updated information, checking directly with HNGU or your department is advisable.
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University of Gujarat and paramedical exam News

For updates and news related to the University of Gujarat and paramedical exams, follow these steps:

### **1. University of Gujarat:**

- **Official Website**: Visit the official website of the University of Gujarat (or any specific affiliated university) for the latest news and updates. For instance, the [Gujarat University website](http://www.gujaratuniversity.ac.in) can be a useful resource.

- **Examination Updates**: Look for sections like “Examinations,” “Notices,” or “Announcements” for information about exam schedules, results, and related news.

- **Contact**: For specific queries, consider contacting the university’s examination department directly through the contact details provided on their website.

### **2. Paramedical Exams:**

- **Official Bodies**: Check the official websites of paramedical councils or boards in Gujarat. For example, the Gujarat State Paramedical Council (GSPMC) or relevant institutions that conduct paramedical exams.

- **Exam Notifications**: These sites typically have sections for “Examinations,” “Results,” and “Notices” where updates about upcoming exams, schedules, and results are posted.

- **Educational Portals**: Websites like [Jagran Josh](https://www.jagranjosh.com), [Career India](https://www.careerindia.com), and other educational news portals often provide updates about various examinations, including paramedical exams.

- **Local News**: Regional newspapers and local news websites may also publish updates related to university and paramedical exams.

For the most accurate and up-to-date information, regularly check the official websites and stay in contact with your educational institution.

GSEB HSC GENERAL RESULT 2020 UPDATE

GSEB 12th Arts & Commerce Result 2020 Date & Time Available Here: Gujarat Secondary and Higher

Secondary board (GSEB) announce result...

12th General stream & commerce Result on 15th of June 2020 at 8:00Am

For the GSEB (Gujarat Secondary and Higher Secondary Education Board) HSC General Result 2020, here’s what you need to know:

### **Checking the Result**

1. **Official Website**:

   - Visit the [GSEB official website](https://www.gseb.org).

   - Navigate to the “Results” section.

   - Select “HSC General Result 2020” or a similar option.

2. **Result Portal**:

   - Go directly to the [GSEB Result Portal](https://www.gseb.org/result.html).

   - Enter your details such as seat number and other required information.

   - Click “Submit” to view your result.

### **Result Details**:

- **Result Status**: The GSEB HSC General result for 2020 was announced around May 2020. For specific dates and updates, refer to official GSEB announcements.

- **Score Access**: You will be able to view your marks, grades, and overall performance in your HSC General examination.

### **Additional Resources**:

- **School/College**: Your school or college may provide printed copies of results or additional support.

- **SMS Services**: GSEB often offers result updates via SMS. Check if you registered for this service.

If you need further details or face issues accessing your result, contacting the GSEB support or your educational institution might be helpful.

Official notification click here

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Official website result check click here

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Official website result check click here