ETHNOBOTANY,MUSHROOMS AND MYCORRHIZA

Msc sem 4 botany 

UNIT 1  new

UNIT 2  new

UNIT 3  new

UNIT 4  new

 

MSC PRECTICAL BOOK,hngu msc chemistry practical book,msc practical book hngu University,hngu practical book, organic chemistry practical book,in organic chemistry practical book, botany practical book

 msc practical book 

Msc inorganic chemistry practical book

Msc organic chemistry practical book

Msc physical chemistry practical book

MSC SEM 1 BOTANY JOURNAL, NEW SYLLABUS

 MSC SEM 1 BOTANY JOURNAL

With New Syllabus 

Msc sem 2 botany external paper 2022-2023

 MSC SEM 2 BOTANY EXTERNAL PAPER

CLICK HERE VIEW ALL PAPER

MSC SEM 1 CHEMISTRY EXTERNAL PAPER 2023

   M.sc sem 1 Examination

          January - 2023

 

Chemistry : Paper -CHNN - 401

         (New Course)

Harberium sheet MSc sem 1 botany digital

HERBARIUM SHEET BOTANY SEM 1 DIGITAL

Herbarium sheet index

INDEX INFORMATION

1> Plant Local name 

2> plant scientific name

 PLN        PSN

Limbu  Citrus lemon

Billi. >             Aegle marmelos

Mitho limdo> murraya koenigii

Limdo. >  Azadirachta india

Mogra > jasminum sambae

Pudino > Mentha spicata

Tulsi > ocimum sanctum

Sara > casuarina equisetifolia

Palak > spinacia oleracea

Agharo > achyranthes aspera

Rajgira > amaranthus cruentus

Beet > beta vulgaris

Chil > chenopodium album

Dungali > allium cepa

Lasan > allium satovum

Chiyo > cyperus rotundus

Gehun > triticum aestivum

Jinjwo > chloris borbata

Bajariyo > arundinella metaziihochis

Harberium sheet pdf download click here

MSC SEM 3 BOTANY JOURNAL 303/304

MSC SEM 3 BOTANY JOURNAL 303/304

NEW BOTANY JOURNAL 

NEW COURSE

JOURNAL VIEW ALL SEMESTER

JOURNAL VIEW CLICK HERE

  ✓                303/304

સંપૂર્ણ pdf download કરવા ગમ તે  બે  advertisement (એડવર્ટાઇઝમેન્ટ) પર કિલ્ક કરો

એડવર્ટાઇઝમેન્ટ પર ક્લિક કયૉ બાદ pdf lock open થશે

જનરલ ડાઉનલોડ કરવા માટે પ્રિન્ટ નામના ઓપ્શન પર ક્લિક કરી 

જનરલ ડાઉનલોડ કરી શકો છો...

જનરલ જોવા માટે ઉપર ક્લિક કરો

નવી અપડેટ ટૂંક સમયમાં મુકવામાં આવશે

પેજને રીફ્રેશ કરતા રહેવું

JOURNAL DOWNLOAD FREE CLICK HERE

SEM 1 CLICK HERE

SEM 2 CLICK HERE

SEM 3 CLICK HERE

SEM 4 CLICK HERE

MSC SEM 3 BOTANY JOURNAL 301/302

MSC SEMESTER 3 BOTANY JOURNAL

NEW BOTANY JOURNAL 

NEW COURSE

JOURNAL VIEW ALL SEMESTER

JOURNAL VIEW CLICK HERE

         301/302 

સંપૂર્ણ pdf download કરવા ગમ તે  બે  advertisement (એડવર્ટાઇઝમેન્ટ) પર કિલ્ક કરો

એડવર્ટાઇઝમેન્ટ પર ક્લિક કયૉ બાદ pdf lock open થશે

જનરલ ડાઉનલોડ કરવા માટે પ્રિન્ટ નામના ઓપ્શન પર ક્લિક કરી 

જનરલ ડાઉનલોડ કરી શકો છો...

જનરલ જોવા માટે ઉપર ક્લિક કરો

નવી અપડેટ ટૂંક સમયમાં મુકવામાં આવશે

પેજને રીફ્રેશ કરતા રહેવું

SEM 1 CLICK HERE

SEM 2 CLICK HERE

SEM 3 CLICK HERE

SEM 4 CLICK HERE

Special:- download free pdf તમારે અંહિયાથી ડાઉનલોડ કરવી Click Here

Semester 3 practical exam date announced‌ coming soon...

Check click here

MSC SEM 3 NEW PAPER & OLD PAPER

 MSC SEMESTER 3 PAPER 

MSC SEM 3 BOTANY NEW PAPER

OLD PAPER

More information click here

Botany sem 3 book view on 

MSC BOTANY SEMESTER 3 PLANT PHYSIOLOGY,BOC 304

                MSC SEMESTER 3 

                      BOC 304

            PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 

All book view click here now

BOC 301

BOC 302

BOC 303

BOC 304

MSC SEM 3 BOTANY JOURNAL નીચેની તરફ 

New paper/old paper chek click here

Book view નીચે

Www.hkaravalli.blogspot.com

BOTANY SEM 3 ALL BOOK VIEW 

                                     Click here

MSC SEM 3 BOTANY JOURNAL

DOWNLOAD FREE CLICK HERE

Msc sem 3 botany journal all

 BOC 301 & 302

 BOC 303 & 304

Part 1 click here

part 2 click here

part 3 click here

Part 4 click here

More information click here

MSC SEM 3 MATERIAL, GYMNOSPERMS AND FOSSIL BOC 301

MSC SEMESTER 3 301 MATERIAL

BIOLOGY AND DIVERSITY -3

Gymnosperms and fossils 

 View material 

MSC BOTANY NEW PAPER

 MSC BOTANY PAPER 

SEMESTER 2 HNGU UNIVERSITY EXTERNAL EXAM PAPER

MSC BOTANY SYllabus,msc sem 3 syllabus

M. Sc. BOTANY – SEMESTER- III

CORE PAPERS

BOC-301 Biology and Diversity III (Gymnosperms and Fossils) 

BOC-302 Molecular Biology of Plants

BOC-303 Plant Ecology 

BOC-304 Plant Physiology

Practical Papers:

BOP-301 Practical Based on Topics Covered in BOC-301 & BOC-302

BOP-302 Practical Based on Topics Covered in BOC-303 & BOC-304 

Elective Papers:

Choice – based: Student should select any one course from the following. 

BOE-301 Air pollution and Climate Change

BOE-302 Herbal Medicine

BOE-303 Biostatistics

----------------------------------------------------------

                   BOC-301

BIOLOGY AND DIVERSITY-III

(GYMNOSPERMS AND FOSSILS)

(Credit-4)

Unit-I: Gymnosperms-I

• Introduction, Distribution, General characters.

• Origin, Evolution and Classification of Gymnosperms (Bierhost).

• Comparison of Angiosperms and Gymnosperms.

• Geological rise and fall of Gymnosperms. Economic importance of gymnosperms.

Unit-II: Gymnosperms-II

• Comparative account of habit, anatomy and reproduction of Cycadales: Cycas and Zamia.

• Comparative account of habit, anatomy and reproduction of Ginkgoales: Ginkgo,

• Comparative account of habit, anatomy and reproduction of Coniferales: Pinus, Thuja.

• Comparative account of habit, anatomy and reproduction of Gnetales: Gnetum, Ephedra.

Unit-III: Fossils-I

• Paleobotany – Objectives and Nomenclature.

• Geological timescale.

• Methods of Fossil study, Processes of plant fossilization: Impressions, Petrification.

• Technique of fossil study, factors affecting fossilization, work in fossils in India

Unit-IV: Fossils-II

• Study of morphology, anatomy and evolutionary trends of following groups of fossil plants:

Psilophytales, Lepidodendrales.

• Study of morphology, anatomy and evolutionary trends of following groups of fossil plants:

Calamitales, Filicales.

• Study of morphology, anatomy and evolutionary trends of following groups of fossil plants:

Pteridospermales.

• Study of morphology, anatomy and evolutionary trends of following groups of fossil plants:

Cycadales, Coniferales, Bennettitales, Pentoxylales, Cordiatales.

----------------------------------------------------------

Laboratory Work Based on Topics Covered in BOC-301 

1. Study of the morphology and anatomy of vegetative and reproductive parts of Cycas, Zamia, 

Pinus, Thuja, Gnetum, Ephedra.

2. Study of important fossil gymnosperms with Models, permanent slides, specimens and charts 

as per theory syllabus- Psilophytales, Lepidodendrales, Calamitales, Filicales, 

Pteridospermales, Cycadales, Coniferales, Bennettitales, Pentoxylales, Cordiatales.

3. Geological Time scale using chart.

----------------------------------------------------------

                       BOC-302

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS 

                     (Credit-4) 

                      UNIT–I:

• Nucleic Acids: Introduction, Components, Chemical Structure of DNA, Forms of DNA 

and types of RNA and their functions. 

• DNA Replication in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes; Enzymes involved in Replication. 

• Transcription in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes; RNA Polymerases. 

•  Translation: Process of Protein synthesis.

UNIT-II:

• Regulation of gene expression in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes.

• Proteomics and Proteome: Overview of analytical proteomics, protein digestion 

techniques, mass spectrometers for protein.

• Application of proteomics: Protein expression profiling, identifying protein-protein 

interactions.

• Human Genome Project.

UNIT-III:

• Recombinant DNA technology and Restriction Endonuclease (Types, Source and 

classification) 

• Gene Cloning principles and technique; Choice of Vectors (Plasmid, Cosmid, 

Bacteriophage, Phasmid, Shuttle, Yeast and Expression vectors). 

• Construction of Genomic and cDNA libraries. 

• Southern and Northern Analysis. 

UNIT-IV:

• DNA synthesis and sequencing. 

• PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction). 

• DNA Fingerprinting (RFLP, RAPD, AFLP). 

• DNA Microarray.

----------------------------------------------------------

Laboratory Work Based on Topics

 Covered in BOC-302

1. To prepare standard curve of DNA.

2. Extraction and quantitative analysis of DNA by spectrophotometric method.

3. To prepare standard curve of RNA.

4. Extraction and quantitative analysis of RNA by spectrophotometric method.

5. Separation and analysis of proteins by SDS-PAGE.

6. Isolation of plant DNA using standard extraction method.

7. Estimation and analysis of DNA/RNA by Agarose gel Electrophoresis.

8. Demonstration of models and techniques as per theory syllabus by charts/ models/ photographs.

Note: Chemicals and kits for conducting some of the above molecular biology experiments are available in

India, for example from M/s Bangalore Genei, and Centre for Biotechnology (CSIR), Mall Road, Delhi.

----------------------------------------------------------

                      BOC-303

             PLANT ECOLOGY

                    (Credit-4)

Unit-I:

 Climate, soil and vegetation patterns of India.

 Phytogeography and major biomes of the world.

 Vegetation organization: Concepts of community; analysis of communities (analytical

and synthetic characters); interspecific associations, concept of ecological niche.

 Vegetation development: Temporal changes (cyclic and non-cyclic); mechanism of

ecological succession, changes in ecosystem properties during succession.

Unit-II:

 Ecosystem organization: Structure and functions; Production (primary & secondary).

Measurement of primary productivity (harvest & leaf area index).

 Types of ecosystem: Natural and artificial ecosystems.

 Energy dynamics (trophic organization, energy flow pathways (Single & Y - shaped),

ecological efficiencies; litter fall and decomposition, climatic factors (light,

temperature, wind, precipitation).

 Global biogeochemical cycles of C, N, P and S, mineral cycles (pathways &

processes).

Unit-III:

 Biological diversity: Concept and levels; role of biodiversity in ecosystem functions

and stability; speciation and extinction.

 IUCN categories of threat; distribution and global patterns; terrestrial biodiversity hot

spots.

 Air, water and soil pollution: Kinds; sources; quality parameters; effects on plants and

ecosystems.

Unit-IV:

• Climate change: Greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4, N2O, CFCs: sources, trends and role);

ozone layer and ozone hole; consequences of climate change (CO2 fertilization, global

warming, sea level rise, UV radiation).

• Ecosystem stability: Concept, ecological perturbations (natural and anthropogenic)

and their impact on plants and ecosystems; ecology of plant invasion;

environmental impact assessment; ecosystem restoration.

• Ecological management: Concepts; sustainable development; sustainability indicators.

----------------------------------------------------------

Laboratory Work Based on Topics Covered in BOC-303

• Ecological apparatus: Soil thermometer, Sling psychrometer, Abney’s meter,

Minimum and Maximum thermometer, Cup-anemometer, Flame photometer.

• Phytosociological study:

a. Determine the minimum size of quadrate.

b. Determine the minimum number of quadrate.

c. Determine the quantitative characters of plant community by random quadrate 

method (Density, Abundance, Frequency and Basel cover).

d. Preparation of frequency diagram of plant community.

e. Evaluation of life form classes of local flora and preparation of Biological 

spectrum.

• Biomass and Productivity:

a. Estimation of above and below ground biomass. 

b. Measurement of leaf area index. 

• Soil analysis (Physical and Chemical characters):

a. Determine the soil moisture content by oven drying method. 

b. Estimation of texture by soil sieve method.

• Determine the water holding capacity of different type of soil.

a. Electro conductivity of soil.

b. Calculation of phosphorus, potassium, Nitrogen and pH from the soil.

c. Determine the Sodium, Potassium, Calcium and Phosphorus in plant/ash material.

• Water analysis (Physical and Chemical characters) 

a. Determine the Calcium, Chloride, Total Hardness and pH from water.

b. Determine the Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) 

from water.

----------------------------------------------------------

                         BOC-304

              PLANT PHYSIOLOGY

                       (Credit-4)

UNIT-I: Growth and Development

 Seed germination and seedling growth: Introduction, Physiological aspects of germination,

mobilization of food reserve during germination, hormonal control, Seedling growth, Factors

affecting seed germination.

 Latent Life Dormancy: Introduction to Seed dormancy, Types, Causes and overcoming of seed

dormancy, factors affecting seed dormancy.

 Bud Dormancy: Introduction, causes and factors affecting bud dormancy.

 Senescence: Introduction, metabolic Changes associated with senescence and its regulation,

Influence of Hormones and Environmental Factors on Senescence.

UNIT-II: Mineral Transport and Stress

 Membrane transport and translocation of water and solutes: Mechanism of water transport

through xylem, root microbe interactions in facilitating nutrient uptake, Phloem loading and

Unloading, Passive and active solute transport.

 Mechanism of absorption, regulation and transport of Macronutrients (K, P) and Micronutrients

(Zn, Fe) in Plant.

 Stress physiology: Plant responses to biotic and abiotic stress, Physiological effects and

mechanisms of abiotic stress tolerance.

 Water deficit and drought resistance, salinity stress, freezing and heat stress, oxidative stress.

UNIT-III: Photo-physiology

 Photosynthesis: General concepts and historical background, Photosynthetic Pigments systems

and Light harvesting Complexes, Photo oxidation of water, Photophosphorylation and

Mechanism of electron and proton transport and energy changes during light reaction.

 Carbon assimilation mechanism - The Calvin cycle / C3 Cycle, C4 Cycle, CAM Pathway,

Photorespiration and its significance.

 Respiration: Overview of plant respiration, Glycolysis, the TCA cycle, electron-transport and

ATP synthesis, Pentosephosphate pathway, Glycoxylate cycle.

 Sensory Photobiology: History and discovery of Phytochromes and Cryptochromes and their

Photochemical and Biochemical Properties

Unit: III

 Nitrogen fixation, nitrogen and sulphur metabolism: Overview, biological nitrogen fixation,

nodule formation and non-factors, mechanism of nitrate uptake and reduction, ammonium

assimilation, sulfate uptake, transport and assimilation.

 Plant growth regulators and elicitors: Physiological effects and mechanism of action of auxins,

gibberellins, cytokinins, ethylene, abscisic acid, hormone receptors, single transduction and gene

expression.

Unit: IV - Plant hormones and flowering

 Plant Growth Regulators and Elicitors: Introduction, Types of hormones, natural and synthetic hormones,

application of hormones.

 Structure, Physiological Effects and Mechanisms of Action of Auxins, Gibberellins, Cytokinins,

Ethylene, Abscissic Acid. Physiological Effects and metabolism of Brassinosteroides, Polyamines.

 Hormone Receptors, Signal Transduction and Gene Expression.

 The Flowering Process: Photoperiodism, types and its significance, Floral Induction and Development,

Vernalization.

----------------------------------------------------------

Laboratory Work Based on Topics Covered in BOC-304

Major Experiment:

1. Determination of IAA/ IAA Oxidase activity.

2. Estimation of Sugar, Protein, Amino acid content from control and stressed seeds.

3. Extraction and estimation of plant pigments in young and old leaves.

4. Estimation of chlorophyll a and b from C3 and C4 plants.

Minor Experiment:

1. Separation of Plant pigments by using separation funnel/Chromatography.

2. Seed germination under different light, temperature and hormone treatments.

3. Determination of seed survival under salinity.

4. Seed germination studies using different mineral ions. 

General experiments:

1. Seed viability, seed vigor study and seed leach ate Study.

2. Study growth indices: RGR, NAR, LWR and LAL.

3. Effect of seed soaking with different PGRs on seed germination and seedling growth.

4. Demonstration of leaf senescence by ABA and Kinetin. 

Demonstration:

1. Promotion and inhibition of seed germination as affected by red and Far- red radiation.

2. Avena Coleoptiles curvature test.

3. Effect of apical bud removal and auxins on lateral bud growth.

4. Translocation of floral hormone.

5. Corn leaf showing Kranz anatomy.

6. Clinostat apparatus.

MSC SEM 3 BOTANY JOURNAL HNGU UNIVERSITY PART 4

 Msc sem 3 BOTANY JOURNAL HNGU UNIVERSITY

Part 4 

Laboratory Work Based on Topics Covered in BOC-301

• any time update 

Please chek any time upload a journal

MSC SEM 3 BOTANY JOURNAL HNGU UNIVERSITY,part 3

 Laboratory Work Based on Topics Covered in BOC-301

Part 3

Geological Time scale using chart.

Journal જોવા મોબાઇલ સેટિંગ screen rotate ચાલું કરવું અથવા desktop site પેજ કરી જનરલ જોઈ શકો છો..

MSC SEM 3 BOTANY JOURNAL HNGU UNIVERSITY ,part 2

 MSC SEM 3 NEW BOTANY JOURNAL

ભાગ 2

• Study of important fossil gymnosperms with Models, permanent slides, specimens and charts 

as per theory syllabus- 

• Psilophytales,                                          •Lepidodendrales,                               

• Calamitales,                                            Filicales, 

• Pteridospermales,                                  • Cycadales, 

• Coniferales,                                             •Bennettitales                                       •Pentoxylales                                           •Cordiatales

Journal જોવા મોબાઇલ સેટિંગ screen rotate ચાલું કરવું અથવા desktop site પેજ કરી જનરલ જોઈ શકો છો..

ટૂંક સમયમાં Pdf અપલોડ કરવામાં આવશે,તો પેજ ને રીફ્રેશ કરતા રહો..અને જોતા રહેવું

MSC SEM 1 BOTANY JOURNAL,hngu University,part 3

 MSC SEMESTER 1 BOTANY JOURNAL

Fungi: 

PART :- 3

• Study of following Fungi : 

•.            Mucor

              Sclerospora

              Peziza

              Aspergillus

              Agaricus

              Polyporus

              Colletotrichum

MSC SEM 1 BOTANY JOURNAL,HNGU,PART 4

BOC - 101

MSC SEMESTER 1 BOTANY JOURNAL

PART - 4

Plant Pathology :-

• Study of following Plant diseases: 

• Bacterial blight of Paddy 

• Late Blight of Potato 

• Tikka disease in Groundnut

• Powdery mildew of Cucurbits

MSC SEM 1 BOTANY JOURNAL ,hngu University, part 2

 Msc SEMESTER 1 BOTANY JOURNAL

Algae: 

• Study of following Algae: 

                                          Chlorella

                                          Ulva

                                          Spirogyra

                                          Chara

                                          Padina

                                          Sargassum

                                          Polysiphonia. 

MSC SEM 1 BOTANY JOURNAL,hngu University, part 1

MSC SEMESTER 1 BOTANY JOURNAL

 Laboratory Work Based on Topics Covered in BOC-101 

Virus and Bacteria: 

• Ultrastructure of Virions (through chart). 

• Simple Staining – Mono-chrome staining. 

• Special Staining – Gram staining. 

• Study of following Cyanobacteria:    

                               (1)  Nostoc 

                               (2) Oscillatoria

આગળની જનરલ જોવા માટે ઉપરની pdf ના કોઈપણ એક પેજ પર કિલ્ક કરો

સંપૂર્ણ જનરલ ૪ ભાગમાં છે..ફ્રી માં 

Algae: 

• Study of following Algae: 

 Chlorella, Ulva, Spirogyra, Chara, Padina, Sargassum, Polysiphonia. 

Fungi: 

 Study of following Fungi : 

 Mucor, Sclerospora, Peziza, Aspergillus, Agaricus, Polyporus, Colletotrichum. 

Plant Pathology: 

 Study of following Plant diseases: 

 Bacterial blight of Paddy 

 Late Blight of Potato 

 Tikka disease in Groundnut

 Powdery mildew of Cucurbits